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The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) (also known, in French, as the ''Institut International du Froid'' (IIF)), is an independent intergovernmental science and technology based organization which promotes knowledge of refrigeration and associated technologies and applications on a global scale that improve quality of life in a cost effective and environmentally sustainable manner including: * Food quality and safety from farm to consumer * Comfort in homes and commercial buildings * Health products and services * Low temperature technology and liquefied gas technology * Energy efficiency * Use of non-ozone-depleting and low global warming refrigerants in a safe manner. Its scientific and technology activities are coordinated by 10 commissions which are divided into five distinct sections. The Institute produces a monthly journal on refrigeration, the ''International Journal of Refrigeration'', that is published by Elsevier. The staff of the International Institute of Refrigeration includes the Director ((Didier Coulomb )〔https://fr.linkedin.com/pub/didier-coulomb/8/b25/b61〕), the Scientific and Technical Information Department (STID), the Communications and Conference Development Department, the Translation Department, and the Secretariat. More information can be found on the IIR website at (www.iifiir.org ). == History == In the mid-19th century, demand for natural ice exploded during the summer months in Europe, North America and various colonies. Thanks to the advent of railways and steam ships, natural ice came onto the market. In order to meet demand, suppliers began looking for alternative ways of producing ice. Ferdinand Carré invented the absorption machine in 1859, then along came the vapour-compression refrigerator that is still used today. In order to promote the development of refrigeration technologies in a developing environment with huge economic potential thanks to this new technology, the International Institute of Refrigeration was created. * October 5–10, 1908: The (1st International Congress of Refrigeration )〔http://www.iifiir.org/clientBookline/service/reference.asp?INSTANCE=EXPLOITATION&OUTPUT=PORTAL&DOCID=I_IFD_REFDOC_E000001&DOCBASE=IFD_REFDOC_EN&SETLANGUAGE=EN〕 (ICR) was held at the Paris-Sorbonne University 〔http://www.paris-sorbonne.fr/〕 in Paris. * January 25, 1909: The International Association of Refrigeration was set up following the 1st Congress attended by participants from 35 countries. * June 21, 1920: This association was restructured and officially became the International Institute of Refrigeration. The bylaws of the IIR as an intergovernmental organization were defined by an International Agreement signed on December 1, 1954 and an Application Protocol signed on November 20, 1956. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「International Institute of Refrigeration」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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